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      "agents": 6,
      "rule": "equal_share",
      "reward_table": ["1", "1/2", "1/3", "1/4", "1/5", "1/6"],
      "mu": "11/6",
      "bound": "6/11"
    },
    {
      "agents": 6,
      "rule": "optimized",
      "reward_table": [
        "1",
        "431/1031",
        "262/1031",
        "186/1031",
        "144/1031",
        "120/1031"
      ],
      "mu": "1631/1031",
      "bound": "1031/1631"
    }
  ],
  "physical_token_accounting": {
    "visibility_collection": 2443539,
    "visibility_grading": 22284,
    "post_hoc_fixed_input_synthesis": 260499,
    "post_hoc_relation_controls": 65632,
    "last_action_collection": 1614365,
    "last_action_grading": 7448,
    "total_visibility_and_followups": 4413767,
    "notes": "Includes reported cached input; excludes older pilot and provenance microbenchmark. Shared prefixes count once physically and once per policy in complete-policy totals. Not dollar cost."
  }
}
